Obesity is the accumulation of excess and abnormal fat that is detrimental to your health as the amount of calories you ingest is higher than your calorie intake. Obesity, which is known as fatness among people, which decreases the quality of life significantly and shortens the life span, is a growing health problem of our age. 1.6 billion people in the world are overweight and 400 million of them are obese. According to the research, one in four men in Turkey (25%) and almost half of women (44%) is seen obesity. In addition to being widespread, it continues to be an important public health problem as it increases and causes many diseases. In other words, obesity is not a common aesthetic problem, on the contrary it is an important disease that can cause high blood pressure, heart failure, fatal vascular diseases and psychological problems if it left untreated.
Other diseases that obesity can cause:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Heart failure
- Respiratory disorders
- Metabolic syndrome, Insulin resistance, Cholesterol and lipid elevation
- Menstrual irregularities, Infertility, Birth difficulties, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Overhairing
- Sleep apnea, Sleep disorders
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Depression, Social mismatch
- osteoarthritis
- Arrival
- Stroke and stroke
- Gall stone
- Some cancers such as breast, large intestine, and prostate cancer (obesity operations are reported to reduce deaths due to various cancers in the long term)
- Urinary incontinence
WHO IS ASSESSED AS OBESE?
The Body Mass Index (KMI) is the most commonly used measurement method for determining obesity and is recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization). The BMI is calculated by dividing the body weight in kilograms by the square of the height in square meters.
| Body mass index value | classification |
| Below 18.5 kg / m² | Weak |
| 18.5 – 24.9 kg / m² | Normal weight |
| 25 to 29.9 kg / m² | Overweight |
| Weight of 30 to 39.9 kg / m² | Obese |
| Between 40 – 50 kg / m² | Morbid obese |
| Between 50 – 60 kg / m² | Super Obese |
| Over 60 kg / m² | Super super obese |
Obesity surgery
Morbid obesity is a deadly disease that needs to be treated. The mean life expectancy of patients with pathological obesity surgery is increased by 15 years. Who is suitable for obesity surgery?
Diet: Patients who are scheduled for surgical treatment should not have hormonal problems. They are patients who cannot lose or regain weight with diet, exercise and medication. These patients should have had obesity for at least 3 years, and should have failed twice within at least 6 months despite nutritional exercise and psychological support. Although these patients have a 2-4% chance of losing weight through diet and exercise, they must be tried first.
Age: The patient should be between 18-65 years old. This age restriction may include exceptions to patient performance and other illnesses.
Body Mass Index: The body mass index should be over 40 or between 35 and 40 and have no other diseases (high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, joint diseases, reflux diseases, etc.). The World Health Organization recommends that the surgery be the most effective treatment for obesity and comorbidities in patients with multiple conditions and a BMI> 35 kg / m2 or in patients with a BMI> 40 kg / m2, even if there is no adverse event. The American Diabetes Association and the International Diabetes Federation report that obesity surgery is better than any other treatment for type 2 patients who have uncontrolled blood sugar levels and a body mass index higher than 35 kg / m2.
Addiction and psychiatric disorder: The patient who can undergo obesity surgery should not have alcohol or drug addiction, and the person’s psychology should be able to accept the risks of the surgery and the post-surgery process.
Pregnancy and childbirth: It is recommended not to become pregnant 24 months after obesity surgery.
Gastric reduction (sleeve gastrectomy)
During gastric tube surgery, 75-80% of the stomach is removed lengthways, and this is only for obesity. Although it was introduced as “sugar surgery” in most centers, the diabetes control rate is also in overweight type 2 diabetes patients in the range of 50-55%. You can examine the surgical methods for diabetes under the heading of metabolic surgery.
